The Romanian territory is divided into 41 administrative territorial units named counties (provinces). The public administration authorities, whose object is to sustain the interests of the State and communities, lead the Timis County, like in other Romanian counties.

The Public Administration includes the Central Public Administration, subordinated to the Government, and the Local and County Public Authorities, which are the local chosen mayors and councils. Part of the Central Public Authorities is subordinate to the Ministries, and others are independent (The Supreme Defence Council, The Audit Office).

Each county capital town in Romania has an institution named PREFECTURA representing the Central Public Administration at county level lead by a person named PREFECT. This institution supervises the Local Public Administration obeying of the law. The PREFECT is assisted by the SUB-PREFECT, named by the prime minister, at the suggestion of the PREFECT and of the Public Administration Ministry.

In each province of Romania there is a COUNTY COUNCIL, who is in charge to co-ordinate the activity of town and communes councils.
The local elected ones are the mayors, the county counsellors and the local counsellors. Each locality has a mayor and a vice-mayor, and the county capital towns have two vice-mayors. The local and county councils are composed of counsellors’ elected by universal, equal, direct and secret vote. The prefect, according to the number of the county’s inhabitants, establishes the number of the council’s members.

The local councils and the county council, as well as mayors, are elected for a 4 years mandate.

The county council elect from its members a president and two vice-presidents, by secret and majority votes of the county counsellors’.
The county’s territory includes localities that mean towns, communes and villages that are considered administrative territorial units, in which the local public administration authorities are organised and function. Some towns with important economic, social, political and/or cultural roles can be named as municipal towns.

The communes include one or more villages.

Timis County has:

• 2 municipal towns - Timisoara and Lugoj
• 5 towns - Sânnicolau Mare, Jimbolia, Buzias, Faget and Deta;
• 75 communes and 317 villages.

Timisoara City is the county capital of Timis County and the first municipal town of the province being an important economical and cultural centre of Romania. Timisoara City, also named " City of Roses", is the most important city of the Romanian Region V-West. Placed on the Bega River’s flow, Timisoara is a cosmopolitan city, being inhabited by over 332.277 Romanians, Germans, Serbian, Slovakians, Bulgarians and other minorities, with a western oriented mentality representing about 50% of the county's population.

Lugoj is the second municipal town, situated on the Timis River’s course, at the crossroad of two important commercial roads, being a 50.000-inhabitants urban centre and an important economical and cultural centre of Timis County, formerly known as the “capital of the Banat culture”.

Other five towns: Sânnicolau Mare and Jimbolia located in the county’s western part, the tourist resort Buzias - only 30 km far from Timisoara, Deta and Faget located in the county’s southern and eastern part completes the Timis County's urban structure. About a quarter of the county's population live in the 75 communes with 317 villages.